PHP基础学习笔记

字体大小: 中小 标准 ->行高大小: 标准
 1、  PHP片段四种表示形式。

标准tags:<?php           ?>

short tags:<?              ?> 需要在php.ini中设置short _open_tag=on,默认是on

asp tags: <%             %>需要在php.ini中设置asp_tags=on,默认是off

script tags:<script language=”php”></script>

2、  PHP变量及数据类型

1)        $variable  ,变量以字母、_开始,不能有空格

2)        赋值$variable=value;

3)        弱类型,直接赋值,不需要显示声明数据类型

4)        基本数据类型:Integer,Double,String,Boolean,Object(对象或类),Array(数组)  

5)        特殊数据类型:Resourse(对第三方资源(如数据库)的引用),Null(空,未初始化的变量)

3、  操作符

1)        赋值操作符:=

2)        算术操作符:+,-,*,/,%(取模)

3)        连接操作符:. ,无论操作数是什么,都当成String,结果返回String

4)        Combined Assignment Operators合计赋值操作符:+=,*=,/=,-=,%=,.=

5)        Automatically Incrementing and Decrementing自动增减操作符:

(1)$variable+=1 <=>$variable++;$variable-=1 <=>$variable-,跟c语言一样,先做其他操作,后++或-

(2)++$variable,-$variable,先++或-,再做其他操作

6)        比较操作符:= =(左边等于右边),!=(左边不等于右边),= = =(左边等于右边,且数据类型相同),>=,>,<,<=

7)        逻辑操作符:|| ó or,&&óand,xor(当左右两边有且只有一个是true,返回true),!

4、  注释:

单行注释:// ,#

多行注释:/*  */

5、  每个语句以;号结尾,与java相同

6、  定义常量:define(“CONSTANS_NAME”,value)

7、  打印语句:print,与c语言相同

8、  流程控制语句

1)        if语句:

(1)if(expression)

{

    //code to excute if expression evaluates to true

}

(2)if(expression)

      {

 

      }

     else

      {

 

      }

(3)if(expression1)

   {

}

elseif(expression2)

{

}

else

{

}

2)        swich语句

switch ( expression )

{

             case result1:

                 // execute this if expression results in result1

                 break;

             case result2:

                // execute this if expression results in result2

                break;

             default:

               // execute this if no break statement

               // has been encountered hitherto

}

 

3)        ?操作符:

 ( expression )?returned_if_expression_is_true:returned_if_expression_is_false;
 

4)        while语句:

(1) while ( expression )
{
              // do something
}
(2)do

  {

           // code to be executed

} while ( expression );

5)        for语句:

    for ( initialization expression; test expression; modification expression ) {

           // code to be executed

}

6)        break;continue

9、  编写函数

1)        定义函数:

function function_name($argument1,$argument2,……) //形参

{

   //function code here;

}

2)        函数调用

function_name($argument1,$argument2,……); //形参

3)        动态函数调用(Dynamic Function Calls):

  1: <html>

  2: <head>

  3: <title>Listing 6.5</title>

  4: </head>

  5: <body>

  6: <?php

  7: function sayHello() {   //定义函数sayHello

  8:     print "hello<br>";

  9: }

 10: $function_holder = "sayHello";  //将函数名赋值给变量$function_holder

 11: $function_holder();  //变量$function_holder成为函数sayHello的引用,调用$function_holder()相当于调用sayHello

 12: ?>

 13: </body>

 14: </html>

4)        变量作用域:

全局变量:

  1: <html>

  2: <head>

  3: <title>Listing 6.8</title>

  4: </head>

  5: <body>

  6: <?php

  7: $life=42;

  8: function meaningOfLife() {

9:      global $life; 

/*在此处重新声明$life为全局变量,在函数内部访问全局变量必须这样,如果在函数内改变变量的值,将在所有代码片段改变*/

 10:      print "The meaning of life is $life<br>";

 11: }

 12: meaningOfLife();

 13: ?>

 14: </body>

 15: </html>

5)        使用static

  1: <html>

  2: <head>

  3: <title>Listing 6.10</title>

  4: </head>

  5: <body>

  6: <?php

  7: function numberedHeading( $txt ) {

  8:      static $num_of_calls = 0;

  9:      $num_of_calls++;

 10:      print "<h1>$num_of_calls. $txt</h1>";

 11: }

 12: numberedHeading("Widgets");  //第一次调用时,打印$num_of_calls值为1

 13: print("We build a fine range of widgets<p>"); 

 14: numberedHeading("Doodads");  /*第一次调用时,打印$num_of_calls值为2,因为变量是static型的,static型是常驻内存的*/

 15: print("Finest in the world<p>");

 16: ?>

 17: </body>

 18: </html>

6)        传值(value)和传址(reference):

传值:function function_name($argument)

  1: <html>

  2: <head>

  3: <title>Listing 6.13</title>

  4: </head>

  5: <body>

  6: <?php

  7: function addFive( $num ) {

  8:      $num += 5;

  9: }

 10: $orignum = 10;

 11: addFive( &$orignum );

 12: print( $orignum );

 13: ?>

 14: </body>

 15: </html>

结果:10

传址:funciton function_name(&$argument)

  1: <html>

  2: <head>

  3: <title>Listing 6.14</title>

  4: </head>

  5: <body>

  6: <?php

  7: function addFive( &$num ) {

  8:      $num += 5;  /*传递过来的是变量$num的引用,因此改变形参$num的值就是真正改变变量$orignum物理内存中保存的值*/

  9: }

 10: $orignum = 10;

 11: addFive( $orignum );

 12: print( $orignum );

 13: ?>

 14: </body>

 15: </html>

结果:15

7)        创建匿名函数:create_function(‘string1’,’string2’); create_function是PHP内建函数,专门用于创建匿名函数,接受两个string型参数,第一个是参数列表,第二个是函数的主体

  1: <html>

  2: <head>

  3: <title>Listing 6.15</title>

  4: </head>

  5: <body>

  6: <?php

  7: $my_anon = create_function( '$a, $b', 'return $a+$b;' );

  8: print $my_anon( 3, 9 );

  9: // prints 12

 10: ?>

 11: </body>

 12: </html>

8)        判断函数是否存在:function_exists(function_name),参数为函数名

 

10、              用PHP连接MySQL

1)        连接:&conn=mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass");

2)        关闭连接:mysql_close($conn);

3) 数据库与连接建立联系:mysql_select_db(database name, connection index);

4) 将SQL语句给MySQL执行:$result = mysql_query($sql, $conn); //增删改查都是这句

5) 检索数据:返回记录数:$number_of_rows = mysql_num_rows($result);

              将记录放入数组:$newArray = mysql_fetch_array($result);
             例子:
  1: <?php
  2: // open the connection
  3: $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass");
  4: // pick the database to use
  5: mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn);
  6: // create the SQL statement
  7: $sql = "SELECT * FROM testTable";
  8: // execute the SQL statement
  9: $result = mysql_query($sql, $conn) or die(mysql_error());
 10: //go through each row in the result set and display data
 11: while ($newArray = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
 12:     // give a name to the fields
 13:     $id = $newArray['id'];
 14:     $testField = $newArray['testField'];
 15:     //echo the results onscreen
 16:     echo "The ID is $id and the text is $testField <br>";
 17: }
 18: ?>
 

11、              接受表单元素:$_POST[表单元素名],
如<input type=text  name=user>ó$_POST[user]
接受url中queryString中值(GET方式):
$_GET[queryString]
12、转向其他页面:header("Location:http://www.samspublishing.com");
13、字符串操作:
1)explode(“-”,str)óJava中的splite
2)str_replace($str1,$str2,$str3) =>$str1要查找的字符串,$str2用来替换的字符串,$str3从这个字符串开始查找替换
3)substr_replace:
14、session:
1)打开session:session_start(); //也可以在php.ini设置session_auto_start=1,不必再每个script都写这句,但是默认为0,则必须要写。
2)给session赋值:
$_SESSION[session_variable_name]=$variable;
3)访问session:$variable =
$_SESSION[session_variable_name];
4)销毁session:session_destroy();
15、显示分类的完整例子:
1: <?php
2: //connect to database
3: $conn = mysql_connect("localhost", "joeuser", "somepass")
4:     or die(mysql_error());
5: mysql_select_db("testDB",$conn) or die(mysql_error());
6:
7: $display_block = "<h1>My Categories</h1>
8: <P>Select a category to see its items.</p>";
9:
10: //show categories first
11: $get_cats = "select id, cat_title, cat_desc from
12:     store_categories order by cat_title";
13: $get_cats_res = mysql_query($get_cats) or die(mysql_error());
14:
15: if (mysql_num_rows($get_cats_res) < 1) { //如果返回记录行数小于1,则说明没有分类
16:    $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no categories to browse.</em></p>";
17: } else {
18:
19:    while ($cats = mysql_fetch_array($get_cats_res)) { //将记录放入变量$cats中
20:        $cat_id = $cats[id];
21:        $cat_title = strtoupper(stripslashes($cats[cat_title]));
22:        $cat_desc = stripslashes($cats[cat_desc]);
23:
24:         $display_block .= "<p><strong><a
25:         href=\"$_SERVER[PHP_SELF][U1] ?cat_id=$cat_id\">$cat_title</a></strong>//点击此url,刷新本页,第28行读取cat_id,显示相应分类的条目
26:         <br>$cat_desc</p>";
27:
28:        if ($_GET[cat_id] == $cat_id) { //选择一个分类,看下面的条目
29:            //get items
30:            $get_items = "select id, item_title, item_price
31:            from store_items where cat_id = $cat_id
32:             order by item_title";
33:            $get_items_res = mysql_query($get_items) or die(mysql_error());
34:
35:            if (mysql_num_rows($get_items_res) < 1) {
36:                 $display_block = "<P><em>Sorry, no items in
37:                  this category.</em></p>";
38:             } else {
39:
40:                 $display_block .= "<ul>";
41:
42:                 while ($items = mysql_fetch_array($get_items_res)) {
43:                     $item_id = $items[id];
44:                     $item_title = stripslashes($items[item_title]);
45:                     $item_price = $items[item_price];
46:
47:                     $display_block .= "<li><a
48:                      href=\"showitem.php?item_id=$item_id\">$item_title</a>
49:                      </strong> (\$item_price)";
[U2]  50:                 }
51:
52:                 $display_block .= "</ul>";
53:            }
54:         }
55:     }
56: }
57: ?>
58: <HTML>
59: <HEAD>
60: <TITLE>My Categories</TITLE>
61: </HEAD>
62: <BODY>
63: <? print $display_block; ?>
64: </BODY>
65: </HTML>
16、PHP连接Access:
<?
$dbc=new com("adodb.connection");
$dbc->open("driver=microsoft access driver (*.mdb);dbq=c:\member.mdb");
$rs=$dbc->execute("select * from tablename");
$i=0;
while (!$rs->eof){
$i+=1
$fld0=$rs->fields["UserName"];
$fld0=$rs->fields["Password"];
....
echo "$fld0->value $fld1->value ....";
$rs->movenext();
}
$rs->close();
?>

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